Direct and Indirect Speech

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, direct and indirect speech adalah kalimat langsung dan tak langsung.

There is four kinds of direct and indirect speech ( yes / no question, command, statement and introgative 5 W 1 H ) ( Ada empat jenis dari kalimat langsung dan tak langsung yaitu pertanyaan dengan jawaban ya atau tidak, kalimat perintah, pernyataan dan pertanyaan 5W 1H )

Tenses, change Direct into Indirect, but the tense doesn't change if the direct speech uses ask or asks, say or says, want or wants etc ( Verb inf of Subject ). ( Tenses berubah ketika kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung, tetapi tenses tidak berubah jika kalimat langsung menggunakan ask atau asks, say atau says, want atau wants dll yaitu kata kerja infinitif dari subjek )

D. Formula for Command ( Formula untuk Kalimat Perintah )

@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject : The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Direct Speech )
@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject + To + The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Indirect Speech )

Example

a. She asked me : Open the door, please into she asked me to open the door ( : changes into to )
b. She told me : Move quickly into she told me to move quickly ( : changes into to )

Direct and Indirect Speech

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, direct and indirect speech adalah kalimat langsung dan tak langsung.

There is four kinds of direct and indirect speech ( yes / no question, command, statement and introgative 5 W 1 H ) ( Ada empat jenis dari kalimat langsung dan tak langsung yaitu pertanyaan dengan jawaban ya atau tidak, kalimat perintah, pernyataan dan pertanyaan 5W 1H )

Tenses, change Direct into Indirect, but the tense doesn't change if the direct speech uses ask or asks, say or says, want or wants etc ( Verb inf of Subject ). ( Tenses berubah ketika kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung, tetapi tenses tidak berubah jika kalimat langsung menggunakan ask atau asks, say atau says, want atau wants dll yaitu kata kerja infinitif dari subjek )

C. Formula for Yes No Question ( Formula untuk Pertanyaan dengan Jawaban Ya atau Tidak )

@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject : The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Direct Speech )
@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject + if or whether + The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Indirect Speech )

1. Direct ( Simple Present Tense ) so Indirect ( Simple Past Tense or Present Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John says to Anne : do you like chocolate ? into John says if or whether she likes chocolate ( you changes into she , : and do change into if or whether )
b. John said to Anne : do you like chocolate ? into John asked Anne if or whether she liked chocolate ( you changes into she, : and do change into if or whether, like changes into liked, said to changes into asked )
c. John said to Anne : do you like chocolate ? into John asked Anne if or whether she has liked chocolate ( you changes into she, : and do change into if or whether, like changes into has liked, said to changes into asked )

2. Direct ( Simple Past Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said to Anne : did you like chocolate ? into John asked Anne if or whether she had liked chocolate ( you changes into she, : and did change into if or whether, liked changes into had liked, said to changes into asked )

3. Direct ( Present Continous Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Continous Tense )

Example

a. John said to Anne : are you reading ? into John asked Anne if or whether she was reading ( you changes into she, : and are change into if or whether, am changes into was, said to changes into asked )

4. Direct ( Present Perfect Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said to Anne : have you looked for him ? into John asked Anne if or whether she had looked for him ( you changes into she, : and have change into if or whether , have changes into had, said to changes into asked )

5. Direct ( Past Perfect Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said to Anne : had you looked for him ? into John asked Anne if or whether she had looked for him ( you changes into she, : and have change into if or whether, said to changes into asked )

6. Direct ( Present Future Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Future Tense )

Example

a. John said to Anne : will you look for him ? into John asked Anne if or whether she would look for him ( you changes into she, : and will change into if or whether , will changes into would, said to changes into asked )

Direct and Indirect Speech

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, direct and indirect speech adalah kalimat langsung dan tak langsung.

There is four kinds of direct and indirect speech ( yes / no question, command, statement and introgative 5 W 1 H ) ( Ada empat jenis dari kalimat langsung dan tak langsung yaitu pertanyaan dengan jawaban ya atau tidak, kalimat perintah, pernyataan dan pertanyaan 5W 1H )

Tenses, change Direct into Indirect, but the tense doesn't change if the direct speech uses ask or asks, say or says, want or wants etc ( Verb inf of Subject ). ( Tenses berubah ketika kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung, tetapi tenses tidak berubah jika kalimat langsung menggunakan ask atau asks, say atau says, want atau wants dll yaitu kata kerja infinitif dari subjek )

B. Formula for 5W 1H ( Rumus untuk 5W 1H )

@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject : The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Direct Speech )
@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject + one of 5W 1H + The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Indirect Speech )

1. Direct ( Simple Present Tense ) so Indirect ( Simple Past Tense or Present Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John says : why do you hate rats ? into John says why he or she hates rats ( you changes into he or she , : and why change into why )
b. John said : why do you hate rats ? into John aksed why he or she hated rats ( you changes into he or she, : and why change into why, hate changes into hated, said to changes into asked )
c. John said : why do you hate rats ? into John asked why he or she has hated rats ( you changes into he or she, : and why change into why, hate changes into has hated, said to changes into asked )

2. Direct ( Simple Past Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said : why did you hate rats ? into John asked why he or she had hated rats ( you changes into he or she, : and why change into why, hate changes into had hated, said to changes into asked )

3. Direct ( Present Continous Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Continous Tense )

Example

a. John said : What are you doing ? into John asked what he or she was doing ( you changes into he or she, : and what change into what, am changes into was, said to changes into asked )

4. Direct ( Present Perfect Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said : when have you looked for her ? into John asked when he or she had looked for her ( you changes into he or she, : and when change into when , have changes into had, said to changes into asked )

5. Direct ( Past Perfect Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said : when had you looked for her ? into John asked when he or she had looked for her ( you changes into he or she, : and when change into when, said to changes into asked )

6. Direct ( Present Future Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Future Tense )

Example

a. John said : when will you look for her ? into John asked when he or she would look for her ( you changes into he or she, : and when change into when , will changes into would, said to changes into asked )

Direct and Indirect Speech

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, direct and indirect speech adalah kalimat langsung dan tak langsung.

There is four kinds of direct and indirect speech ( yes / no question, command, statement and introgative 5 W 1 H ) ( Ada empat jenis dari kalimat langsung dan tak langsung yaitu pertanyaan dengan jawaban ya atau tidak, kalimat perintah, pernyataan dan pertanyaan 5W 1H )

Tenses, change Direct into Indirect, but the tense doesn't change if the direct speech uses ask or asks, say or says, want or wants etc ( Verb inf of Subject ). ( Tenses berubah ketika kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung, tetapi tenses tidak berubah jika kalimat langsung menggunakan ask atau asks, say atau says, want atau wants dll yaitu kata kerja infinitif dari subjek )

A. Formula for Statement ( Rumus untuk Pernyataan )

@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject : The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Direct Speech )
@. Subject + Verb inf of Subject + That + The Sentence That is Said by Subject ( Indirect Speech )

1. Direct ( Simple Present Tense ) so Indirect ( Simple Past Tense or Present Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John says : I need help into John says that he needs help ( John changes into he, : changes into that )
b. John said to Jane : I need help into John asked that he needed help ( John changes into he, : changes into that, need changes into needed, said to changes into asked )
c. John said to Jane : I need help into John asked that he has needed help ( John changes into he, : changes into that, need changes into has needed, said to changes into asked )

2. Direct ( Simple Past Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said to Jane : I needed help into John asked that he had needed help ( John changes into he, : changes into that, needed changes into had needed, said to changes into asked )

3. Direct ( Present Continous Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Continous Tense )

Example

a. John said to Jane : I am looking for her into John asked that he was looking for her ( John changes into he, : changes into that, am changes into was, said to changes into asked )

4. Direct ( Present Perfect Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said to Jane : I have looked for her into John asked that he had looked for her ( John changes into he, : changes into that, have changes into had, said to changes into asked )

5. Direct ( Past Perfect Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Perfect Tense )

Example

a. John said to Jane : I had looked for her into John asked that he had looked for her ( John changes into he, : changes into that, said to changes into asked )

6. Direct ( Present Future Tense ) so Indirect ( Past Future Tense )

Example

a. John said to Jane : I will need help into John asked that he would need help ( John changes into he, : changes into that, will changes into would, said to changes into asked )