Discussion Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, discussion text adalah teks diskusi

A. Social Function ( Fungsi Sosial )
To present (at least) two points of view about an issue. ( Untuk menghadirkan sekurangnya dua hal dari pengamatan tentang sebuah isu. )

B. Generic Structure of Discussion ( Struktur Umum dari Discussion )
1. Issue: ( Isu )
^ Statement ( Pernyataan )
^ Preview ( Pengamatan kembali )
2. Arguments for against or statement of differing points of view: ( Argumen untuk melawan atau pernyataan perbedaan hal - hal dari pengamatan )
^ Point ( Hal - hal )
^ Elaboration ( Uraian )
3. Conclusion or recommendation ( Kesimpulan dan saran )

C. Significant Lexicogrammatical Features ( Ciri Lexicogrammatical Penting )
1. Focus on generic human and generic non-human Participants ( Berpusat pada peserta manusia umum dan peserta bukan manusia umum )
2. Use of: ( Penggunaan )
^ Material Processes, e.g. has produced, have developed, to feed ( Proses material : has produced, have developed, to feed )
^ Relational Processes, e.g., is, could have, cause are ( Proses relatif : is, could have, cause are )
^ Mental Processes, e.g., feel. ( Prose batin : feel )
3. Use of Comparative, contrastive and Consequential conjunctions ( Penggunaan konjungsi komparatif, kontrastif dan konsekuensial )
4. Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (abstraction) ( Penalaran dinyatakan sebagai kata kerja dan kata benda ( pemisahan ) )

Example

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

^ It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
^ It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
^ It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
^ It produces small amount of waste.
^ It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.

People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

Explanation Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, explanation text adalah teks penjelasan

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books. ( Explanation adalah sebuah teks yang memberitahukan proses - proses yang berkaitan untuk pembentukan alam, sosial, ilmiah dan fenomena kebudayaan. Explanation text adalah untuk mengatakan 'why' dan 'how' dari pembentukan fenomena. Itu seringkali ditemukan dalam buku teks ilmu pengetahuan, geografi dan sejarah. )

A. Social Function : to explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or sociocultural phenomena ( Fungsi Sosial : untuk menjelaskan proses - proses yang dijelaskan dalam pembentukan atau pekerjaan dari fenomena alami dan sosial budaya )

B. Generic structure of Explanation ( Struktur Umum dari Explanation )
^ General statement : stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained. ( Pernyataan Umum : menyatakan isu fenomena yang adalah untuk dijelaskan )
^ Sequenced explanation : stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena. ( Urutan Penjelasan : menyatakan rangkaian langkah - langkah yang menjelaskan fenomena )

C. Language Feature of Explanation ( Ciri Bahasa dari Explanation )
^ Featuring generic participant : sun, rain, etc ( Menampilkan peserta umum : sun, rain dan lain - lain )
^ Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc ( Menggunakan hubungan kronologis : to begin with, next dan lain - lain )
^ Using passive voice pattern ( Menggunakan pola kalimat pasif )
^ Using simple present tense ( Menggunakan simple present tense )

D. Significant Lexicogrammatical Features ( Ciri Lexicogrammatical Penting )
^ Focus on generic, non-human Participants ( Berpusat pada umum, peserta bukan manusia )
^ Use mainly of Material Processes and Relational Processes ( Menggunakan sebagian besar proses - proses material dan proses - proses relatif )
^ Use mainly of Temporal and causal Circumstances and Conjunctions ( Menggunakan sebagian besar keadaan sementara dan sebab akibat dan konjungsi )

Example

The Process of Rain

Water in the earth is kept in many places like the ocean, the ocean, the river and the lake. Butdon't be wrong, the plants leaves and the land also kept water.Each day, this water will evaporate with help of the sun. The process where water evaporatesfrom plants is called transpiration. Afterwards the vapour will experience the process of condensation where the vapour will condense and turn into a cloud. The form of the cloudalways changes according to weather conditions.The clouds will move to different locations with the help of wind that bellows vertically or horizontally. The movement of the vertical wind results in the cloud forming big 'lumps'.After that, the wind increases the size of the cloud and each cloud will overlap.

Finally thecloud will reach the atmosphere that has a lower temperature. Here the particles of water andice is formed.Eventually, the wind can not support the weight of the cloud and so the cloud that is full withwater will experience a process called precipitation or the process where rain or hail falls toearth.

Anecdote Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, Anecdote text adalah teks cerpen yang jenaka

Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers. ( Annecdote adalah sebuah teks yang memberitahukan kembali kejadian yang lucu dan tak biasa dalam kenyataan atau fantasi. )

A. Generic Structure of Anecdote ( Struktur Umum dari Annecdote )
1. Abstract ( Inti )
2. Orientation ( Pembukaan )
3. Crisis ( Kegentingan )
4. Incident ( Kejadian )

B. Language Feature of Anecdote ( Ciri Bahasa dari Annecdote )
1. Using exclamation words : it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc ( Menggunakan kata - kata teriakan : it's awful!, it's wonderful dan lain - lain )
2. Using imperative : listen to this ( Menggunakan kalimat perintah : listen to this )
3. Using rhetoric question : do you know what? ( Menggunakan retorika pertanyaan : do you know what ? )
4. Using action verb : go, write, etc ( Menggunakan kata kerja tingkah laku : go, write dan lain - lain )
5. Using conjunction of time : then, afterward ( Menggunakan konjungsi waktu : then, afterward )
6. Using simple past tense ( Menggunakan simple past tense )

Example

Blessing Behind Tragedy

There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy.

Spoof Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, spoof text adalah teks lelucon

Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story. ( Spoof adalah sebuah teks yang memberitahukan cerita yang sesungguhnya, terjadi di waktu lampau dengan akhir yang tak terduga dan lucu. )

A. Generic Structure of Spoof ( Struktur Umum dari Spoof )
1. Orientation ( Pembukaan )
2. Events ( Peristiwa - peristiwa )
3. Twist ( Pelintir )

B. Language Feature of Spoof ( Ciri Bahasa dari Spoof )
1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things ( Berpusat pada orang - orang, binatang - binatang atau hal - hal tertentu )
2. Using action verb : ate, ran, etc ( Menggunakan kata kerja tingkah laku : ate, ran dan lain - lain )
3. Using adverb of time and place ( Menggunakan keterangan waktu dan tempat )
4. Told in chronological order ( Diberitahukan dalam urutan kronologis )

Example

Loving Money Too Much

There was a man who liked money very much. He worked all of his life and wanted to save all of his money for his own future. He was a real miser when it came to his money. He loved money more than just about anything.

Even, just before he died, he said to his wife; "Now listen, when I die, I want you to take all my money and place it in the casket with me. I wanna take my money to the afterlife." So he asked his wife to promise him with all her heart that when he died, she would put all the money in the casket with him.

Well, one day, he really died. Then he was stretched out in the casket. The wife was sitting there in black clothes next to her closest friend. When they finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said "Wait just a minute!"

She had a box in her hands. She came over with the box and placed it in the casket. After that the undertakers locked the casket down and rolled it away. Not long after that, her friend said, "I hope you were not crazy enough to put all that money in the casket."

The wife turned to her friend and replied; "Yes, because I have promised." Then she continued; "I can't lie. I promised him that I was going to put that money in that casket with him." Feeling shocked, her friend said; "You mean that you have put every cent of his money in the casket with him?" Then the wife answered; "Surely I did. I got it all together, put all the money into my account and I just wrote him a check."

Analitycal Exposition Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, analitycal exposition text adalah teks eksposisi analitik

Analitycal exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter. ( Analitycal exposition adalah sebuah teks yang menguraikan ide penulis tentang fenomena sekitar. Fungsi sosialnya adalah untuk mengajak pembaca yang idenya bermanfaat. )

A. Social Function : to persuade by presenting argumentsto analyze or explain ‘how’ and ‘why’ ( Fungsi Sosial : untuk mengajak dengan mengajukan argumen untuk menganalisis atau memaparkan 'how' dan 'why' )

B. Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition ( Struktur Umum dari Analitycal Exposition )
1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position ( Tesis : Memperkenalkan topik dan menunjukkan posisi penulis )
2. Arguments: Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position ( Argumen : Memaparkan argumen - argumen untuk mendukung posisi penulis )
3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position ( Perulangan : Memulai kembali posisi penulis )

C. Language Features of Analytical Exposition ( Ciri Bahasa dari Analitycal Exposition )
^ Using relational process ( Menggunakan proses penghubung )
^ Using internal conjunction ( Menggunakan konjungsi dalam )
^ Using causal conjunction ( Menggunakan konjungsi sebab akibat )
^ Using Simple Present Tense ( Menggunakan simple present tense )

Example

Career in Translation

Functionally, translation is transferring the message or the meaning and not the word. According to Nida, such translation is called dynamic equivalence translation. It tries to bring the precise message in different language.

Many people like to watch Hollywood movie but many get trouble in understanding to the actors' dialogue. So the way they get the understanding about the movie is reading the translating text running. If Hindi translation is provided, it will bring the better understanding for Indian moviegoer. Hollywood movie spread over other Asia countries. Therefore, Arabic translation, Indonesian translation and Farsi translation are widely needed and that is a big chance for English master in that countries.

India is likely being an English speaking country. India translation will grow better and. It seems Indonesia, Malaysia and Filipina will reach that mark too soon. Translation job will be great in amount and that is good development for translating job seekers.

Hortatory Exposition Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, hortatory exposition text adalah teks eksposisi peneguran

Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way. ( Hortatory Exposition adalah sebuah teks yang menghadirkan kembali percobaan penulis untuk penerima melakukan sesuatu hal atau tingkah laku dalam cara tertentu. )

A. Social function : to persuade the reader or listener that
something should or should not be the case ( Fungsi Sosial : untuk mengajak pembaca atau pendengar bahwa sesuatu hal seharusnya atau tak seharusnya diperkarakan )

B. Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition ( Struktur Umum dari Hortatory Exposition )
^ Thesis : announcement of issue concern ( Tesis : Pengumuman masalah kepedulian )
^ Argument : reasons for concern, leading to
recommendation ( Argumen : Penyebabuntuk masalah, yang mengarah ke rekomendasi )
^ Recommendation : statement of what ought to or
ought not to happen ( Rekomendasi : pernyataan dari yang seharusnya atau tak seharusnya terjadi )

C. Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition ( Ciri Bahasa dari Hortatory Exposition )
^ Focusing on the writer ( Berpusat pada penulis )
^ Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc ( Menggunakan kata benda abstrak, kata bijak, keuntungan dan lain - lain )
^ Using action verb ( Menggunakan kata kerja tingkah laku )
^ Using thinking verb ( Menggunakan kata kerja pemikiran )
^ Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc ( Menggunakan kata keterangan modal )
^ Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc ( Menggunakan kata hubung sementara, pertama, kedua dan lain - lain )
^ Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc ( Menggunakan kata - kata evaluatif : penting, berarti, terpecaya dan lain - lain )
^ Using passive voice ( Menggunakan kalimat pasif )
^ Using simple present tense ( Menggunakan simple present tense )

Example

Let’s Make City Clean and Fresh

A clean and fresh city will surely make the inhabitants healthy. Every morning especially in dry season, all roads must be watered with clean water and swept by the workers of the regional government under the Major’s instruction.
To keep the people from heavy pollution caused by cars, trucks and motorcycles, enough trees must be planted along all roads. Every building or house in the city must be surrounded short and small trees which bear colorful flower.
Bad and improper habits which cause disadvantages, bad smell and dangerous diseases to people such as smoking and throwing rubbish anywhere should be stopped at once.
The major of each city will have to think over the way how to educate people, so that they realize on how important cleanliness and health are for their own sake. Building more public lavatories at every busy place is very badly needed.
It will be wise if the Major decides a certain amount of fine to be paid by those who disobey the government regulation on cleanliness matter. A man who urinate not at lavatory, smoke not at smoking room or throw rubbish at the roads should be fined for instance. Besides dirtying the environment with cigarettes’ butts, smoking will also cause pollution and lungs disease to other people.
So bad habits and impolite attitude should be immediately stopped, otherwise the city will be dirty, unhealthy badly polluted and will never attract foreign or domestic tourist

Question Tag

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, question tag adalah kutipan pertanyaan

Question Tag is introgative sentence that located after news or command sentence, the sentences link to each other. It divided to two points are ( Question tag adalah kalimat pertanyaan yang terletak setelah kalimat berita atau perintah, kalimat - kalimat saling berhubungan satu sama lain. Itu dibagi atas dua hal yaitu )
1. News Sentence, question tag ? ( there is subject ) ( Kalimat berita, kutipan pertanyaan ? ) ( ini untuk yang ada subjek )
2. Command sentence, question tag ? ( there isn't subject ) ( Kalimat Perintah, kutipan pertanyaan ? ) ( ini untuk yang tak ada subjek ) 

To make question tag must notice the subject that is always changed with pronoun that is suitable, accept There. To make introgative sentence must be always given Auxiliary Verb that is same or one category with Auxiliary Verb on news sentence that relevant. Accept if the news sentence uses auxiliary am so the question tag use are. If the command and prohibition sentence use question tag will you. If the appeal sentence uses the question tag won't you. If the invitation sentence uses the question tag shall we. If the compound sentence uses the question tag that is seen from the main sentence. If the news sentence use every that the question tag is the auxiliary verb that is contrast of the news sentence with given the word 'they' after comma. If the news sentence is positive so the question tag is negative. But there is the positive word that has the negative meaning like Never, Hardly, Seldom, Rarely, A few, A little, No so the question tag is still positive same as the news sentence. Auxiliary Verb like am, is, are, was, were, can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, have, had, need, dare, ought to, used to, do, does, did. Auxiliary Verb do, does and did used for the sentence that hasn't auxiliary verb, of course notice verb. Auxiliary Verb am uses the question tags aren't. But if the auxiliary verb am not still use the question tag am. ( Untuk membuat kutipan pertanyaan harus memperhatikan subjek yang selalu berubah dengan kata ganti yang sesuai kecuali There. Untuk membuat kalimat pertanyaan harus selalu diberikan kata kerja bantu yang sama atau satu kategori dengan kata kerja bantu pada kalimat berita yang bersangkutan. Kecuali jika kalimat berita menggunakan kata kerja bantu am maka kutipan pertanyaan menggunakan are. Jika kalimat perintah dan larangan menggunakan will you. Jika kalimat himbauan menggunakan kutipan pertanyaan won't you. Jika kalimat ajakan menggunakan kutipan pertanyaan shall we. Jika kalimat majemuk menggunakan kutipan pertanyaan yang dilihat dari kalimat utama atau induk kalimat. Jika kalimat berita menggunakan every sehingga kutipan pertanyaan adalah kata kerja bantu  yang berlawanan dari kalimat berita dengan diberikan kata 'they' setelah koma. Jika kalimat berita adalah positif maka kutipan pertanyaan adalah negatif. Tetapi ada kata positif yang memiliki makna negatif seperti Never, Hardly, Seldom, Rarely, A few, A little, No maka kutipan pertanyaan masih kalimat positif sama seperti kalimat berita. Kata kerja bantu seperti am, are, was, were, can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, have, had, need, dare, ought to, used to, do, does, did. Kata kerja bantu do, does dan did digunakan untuk kalimat yang tak mempunyai kata kerja bantu, tentu saja memperhatikan kata kerja. Kata kerja bantu am menggunakan kutipan pertanyaan aren't. Tetapi jika kata kerja bantu am not maka kutipan pertanyaan masih tetap am )

Example

Use Auxiliary Verb or None Auxiliary Verb ( Penggunaan Kata Kerja Bantu atau tanpa Kata Kerja Bantu )
1. Indonesian people eat rice, don't they ?
2. Mr. Smith drinks coffee in the morning, doesn't he ?
3. We saw a great film, didn't we ?
4. Amir isn't watching TV, is he ?
5. Mrs. Caroline ought to do the work now, oughtn't she ?

Use The word 'There' ( Penggunaan Kata 'There' )
1. There are many books, aren't there ?

Use The Command and Prohibition Sentence ( Penggunaan Kalimat Perintah dan Larangan )
1. Don't close the window, will you ?
2. Open the door, will you ?

Use The Appeal Sentence ( Penggunan Kalimat Himbauan )
1. Be patient, won't you ?

Use The Invitation Sentence ( Penggunaan Kalimat Ajakan )
1. Let's check it out, shall we ?

Use The Compound Sentence ( Penggunaan Kalimat Majemuk )
1. You believed that she was a liar, didn't you ?
2. When she arrived, the man was cutting the tree, wasn't he ?

Use The Positive Word that has The Negative Meaning ( Penggunaan Kata Positif yang Memiliki Makna Negatif )
1. John can hardly see the mark, can he ?
2. She has nothing, does she ?

Use The Word 'Every' ( Penggunaan Kata 'Every' )
1. Every body is ready, aren't they ?

Use Auxiliary Verb 'Am' and 'Am Not' ( Penggunaan Kata Kerja Bantu 'Am' dan 'Am Not' )
1. I am your partner, aren't i ?
2. I am not your partner, am i ?

The Conditional Sentences ( If clause )

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, the conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian. 

The conditional sentences have three type, it used for drawing the conditional, if can be put in the beginning sentence or after comma ( Kalimat pengandaian memiliki tiga tipe, itu digunakan untuk menggambarkan pengandaian, if bisa diletakkan pada awal kalimat atau setelah koma )

Type III ( Impossible Condition ) ( Pengandaian yang Mustahil Terjadi )

The type III is the conditional sentences that impossible happen, the event or activity happen in the past ( Tipe III adalah kalimat pengandaian yang mustahil terjadi, peristiwa atau kegiatan terjadi di waktu lampau )

Formula

the real uses simple past tense so the conditional uses past perfect tense and the real uses the positive sentence so the conditional uses the negative sentence and vice versa ( Kenyataan menggunakan simple past tense maka pengandaian menggunakan past perfect tense dan kenyataan menggunakan kalimat positif maka pengandaian menggunakan kalimat negatif dan begitu pula sebaliknya )
If + Subject + Past Perfect Tense ( positive or negative ), Subject + modal ( shall / will / can / may / must ) ( positive or negative ) + have

Example

@ I was at home because tomorrow was holiday ( the real )
@ If tomorrow hadn't been holiday, i wouldn't have been at home ( the conditional )
@ I wasn't at home because tomorrow wasn't holiday ( the real )
@ If tomorrow had been holiday, i would have been at home ( the conditional )

The Conditional Sentences ( If clause )

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, the conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian. 

The conditional sentences have three type, it used for drawing the conditional, if can be put in the beginning sentence or after comma ( Kalimat pengandaian memiliki tiga tipe, itu digunakan untuk menggambarkan pengandaian, if bisa diletakkan pada awal kalimat atau setelah koma )

Type II ( Improbable Condition ) ( Pengandaian yang Tak Mungkin Terjadi )

The type II is the conditional sentences that impossible happen, used for the event in the present or future ( Tipe II adalah kalimat pengandaian yang tak mungkin terjadi, digunakan untuk peristiwa saat ini atau yang akan datang )

Formula

the real uses simple present tense so the conditional uses simple past tense and the real uses the positive sentence so the conditional uses simple the negative sentence and vice versa ( kenyataan menggunakan simple present tense maka pengandaian menggunakan simple past tense dan kenyataan menggunakan kalimat positif maka pengandaian menggunakan kalimat negatif dan begitu pula sebaliknya )
If + Subject + Simple Past Tense ( positive or negative ) ( special for tobe using were although i / she / he / it / person name ), Subject + modal ( should / would / could / might ) ( positive or negative )

Example

@ I am at home because tomorrow is holiday ( the real )
@ If tomorrow weren't holiday, i wouldn't be at home ( the conditional )
@ I ain't at home because tomorrow isn't holiday ( the real )
@ If tomorrow were holiday, i would be at home ( the conditional )

The Conditional Sentences ( If clause )

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, the conditional sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian.

The conditional sentences have three type, it used for drawing the conditional, if can be put in the beginning sentence or after comma ( Kalimat pengandaian memiliki tiga tipe, itu digunakan untuk menggambarkan pengandaian, if bisa diletakkan pada awal kalimat atau setelah koma )

Type I ( Probable Condition ) ( Pengandaian yang Mungkin Terjadi )

The type I is the conditional sentences that possible happen if the terms fulfilled ( Tipe 1 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang mungkin terjadi jika syarat - syarat terpenuhi )

Formula

the real uses present future / simple future tense so the conditional uses simple present tense and the real uses the positive sentence so the conditional uses simple the negative sentence and vice versa ( kenyataan menggunakan present future atau simple future tense maka pengandaian menggunakan simple present tense dan kenyataan menggunakan kalimat positif maka pengandaian menggunakn kalimat negatif dan begitu pula sebaliknya )
If + Subject + Simple Present Tense ( positive or negative ), Subject + modal ( shall / will / can / may / must ) ( positive or negative )

Example

@ I will be at home because tomorrow is holiday ( the real )
@ If tomorrow isn't holiday, i won't be at home ( the conditional )
@ I won't be at home because tomorrow isn't holiday ( the real )
@ If tomorrow is holiday, i will be at home ( the conditional )

News Item Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, news item adalah butir-butir berita

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important. ( News item adalah sebuah teks yang menginformasikan pembaca tentang peristiwa yang terjadi pada setiap harinya. Peristiwa yang dianggap patut untuk diberitakan atau penting. )

A. Generic Structure of News Item: ( Struktur Umum dari News Item )
1. Newsworthy event ( Peristiwa yang patut diberitakan )
2. Background Events ( Latar belakang peristiwa )
3. Source ( Sumber )

B. Language Feature of News Item ( Ciri bahasa dari News Item )
1. Using Action Verbs ( Menggunakan kata kerja tingkah laku )
2. Using Saying Verbs ( Menggunakan kata kerja mengatakan )
3. Using Passive Sentence ( Menggunakan kalimat pasif )

Example

Town Contaminated

Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.
The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Sources A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.