Descriptive Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, descriptive text adalah teks penggambaran.
Purpose: ( Tujuan )
To describe a particular place/ thing/ person ( Untuk menggambarkan orang atau hal atau tempat secara khusus )

Text Organization: ( Struktur Teks )
^ Identification (mention the special participant) ( Identifikasi : Menyebutkan tokoh yang khusus )
^ Description (mention the part, quality, and characteristics of subject being described) ( Deskripsi : Menyebutkan bagian, kualitas atau keunggulan dan karakter subjek yang sedang dibicarakan )

Language Features: ( Ciri Bahasa )
^ The use of adjectives and compound adjectives. ( Penggunaan kata sifat dan kata sifat majemuk )
e.g. :
- a five hundred seated football stadium.
- a beautiful ancient Roman opera house.
^ The use of Linking Verbs/ relating verbs.
e.g. :
- The temple is so magnificent.
- The temple consists of five terraces.
^ The use of Simple Present Tense
e.g. :
- The museum houses hundreds of Greek Statues.
- The hotel provides 450 rooms and a large swimming pool.
^ The use of degree of comparison
e.g. :
- The weather in Jakarta is hotter than Bandung.
- Bogor has the same weather as Ungaran.

Example

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular.

Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.

Recount Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, recount text adalah teks menceritakan.

Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative ( Recount adalah sebuah teks yang menceritakan kembali kejadian atau pengalaman pada waktu lampau. Tujuannya adalah baik untuk menginformasikan maupun menghibur pemirsa )

A. Generic Structure of Recount ( Struktur Umum dari Recount )
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time ( Pembukaan : Memperkenalkan tokoh, tempat dan waktu )
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past ( Peristiwa : Menggambarkan rangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau )
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story ( Penutup : Itu adalah pilihan. Menyatakan komentar pribadi dari penulis cerita )

B. Language Feature of Recount ( Ciri Bahasa dari Recount )
• Introducing personal participant : I, my group, etc ( Memperkenalkan tokoh pribadi : I, my group dan lain - lain )
• Using chronological connection : then, first, etc ( Menggunakan hubungan kronologis : then, first dan lain - lain )
• Using linking verb : was, were, saw, heard, etc ( Menggunakan menghubungkan kata kerja : was, were, saw, heard dan lain - lain )
• Using action verb : look, go, change, etc ( Menggunakan kata kerja tingkah laku : look, go, change dan lain - lain )
• Using simple past tense ( Menggunakan simple past tense )

Example

My Rush Time as a Journalist

I usually woke up at eight o'clock a.m. and went to the Press Center to check the daily schedule of briefings and press conferences. It was usually held by the United Nation officials or disaster mitigation team.

It was challenging to visit different refugee camps to find soft stories, human interest stories. After that I went back to the Press Center to cover the press conferences of the day.

It was heart breaking when I saw these survivors fight for food and secondhand clothing. Unfortunately as they said, the food and clothing were limited and inadequate. Emerging to glaring, fool noon, it was time to go back to Press Center to write stories and race against time. I was always fearing that the internet would come crushing down.

After everything was done, only then I remembered to eat. Most times, I only ate once a day because I always had to rush and again it was difficult to find food. I had to travel quite far. I needed to spend a 30 to 45 minutes by car just to find fresh food.

Narrative Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, narrative text adalah teks cerita.

Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story. ( Narrative texr adalah sebuah jenis teks untuk menceritakan kembali cerita masa lalu. Tujuan teks ini adalah untuk menghibur pembaca atau pendengar tentang cerita itu. )

A. The generic structure of Narrative text : ( Struktur Umum dari Narrative Text )
^ Orientation : ( Pembukaan )
It set the scene and introduce the participants (it answers the question : who, when, what, and where). ( Mengatur adegan dan memperkenalkan tokoh )
^ Complication : ( Persoalan )
Tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them. ( Memberitahukan masalah cerita dan bagaimana tokoh utama menyelesaikan masalah tersebut )
^ Resolution : ( Pemecahan )
The crisis is resolved, for better or worse. ( Krisis ini untuk diselesaikan, untuk lebih baik atau lebih buruk )
^ Re-orientation : ( Penutup )
The ending of the story. ( Akhir cerita )
^ Evaluation : ( Penilaian )
The stepping back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story ( Menengok ke belakang untuk menilai cerita atau nilai moral cerita )

B. Linguistic features : ( Ciri Bahasa )
1. Use active verbs. ( Menggunakan kata kerja tingkah laku )
2. Use past tense. ( Menggunakan past tense )
3. Use conjunction. ( Menggunakan konjungsi )
4. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They). ( Menggunakan kata ganti orang pertama ( I atau We ) atau ketiga ( He, She atau They ) )
5. Use specific nouns. ( Menggunakan kata benda tertentu )
6. Use adjective and adverbs ( Menggunakan kata sifat dan keterangan )

C. Kind of Narrative text : ( Jenis dari Narrative Text )
1. Legend : Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang, etc. ( Legenda : Sangkuriang, malin Kundang dan lain - lain )
2. Fable : Mousedeer and crocodile. ( Fabel : Mousedeer dan Crocodile )
3. Fairy tale : Cinderella, Snow white, Pinocchio, etc. ( Dongeng : Cinderella, Snow White, Pinocchio dan lain - lain )
4. Science fiction ( Cerita Fiksi Ilmiah )

Example

Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks

Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to just three sheiks. The three sheiks were all equally young and handsome. They were also rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of them.

One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks. As they were about to have dinner, Maura asked them for something to eat. The first gave her some left over food. The second Sheik gave her some unappetizing camel’s tail. The third sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender and tasty meat. After dinner, the disguised queen left the sheik’s camp.

The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She ordered her servant to give each one exactly what they had given her the evening before. Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two sheiks could not share it with him.

This Sheik Hakim’s act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was the man for her. “Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you” she announced her choice to the sheiks. “So it is Hakim I will marry”.

Report Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia,  Report Text adalah teks laporan.

Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is as a result of systematic observation and analysis ( Report adalah sebuah teks yang menghadirkan informasi tentang sesuatu. Itu karena hal ini sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis dan analisa )

A. Generic Structure of Report ( Struktur Umum dari Report )
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general ( Klasifikasi Umum : Menyatakan klasifikasi dari aspek umum hal : animal, public place, plant, dan lain - lain yang akan didiskusikan pada umumnya )
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials ( Deskripsi : Menggambarkan hal yang akan didiskusikan secara lengkap, bagian per bagian, adat atau perbuatan untuk makhluk hidup dan pemakaian bahn- bahan )

B. Language Feature of Report ( Ciri Bahasa dari Report )
• Introducing group or general aspect ( Memperkenalkan aspek kelompok atau umum )
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc ( Menggunakan hubungan logis bersyarat : when, so dan lain - lain )
• Using simple present tense ( Menggunakan simple present tense )

Example

Mangroove Tree

A mangrove is a tropical marine tree. Mangroves have special aerial roots and salt-filtering tap roots which enable them to thrive in brackish water. Brackish water is salty but not as salty as sea water. Mangrove trees are commonly planted and found in coastal areas. Mangroves can serve as walls of protection for natural disaster in coastal area like tsunami. According to BBC News, healthy mangrove forests had helped save lives in the Asia disaster tsunami and people tended to respect these natural barriers even more, especially after the tsunami.

There are several species of mangrove tree found all over the world. Some prefer more salinity, while others like to be very-close to a large fresh water source such as river. Some prefer areas that are sheltered from waves. Some species have their roots covered with sea water every day during high tide. Other species grow on dry land but are still part of the ecosystem. The Times of India reported that rare species of mangrove had been found and was also known as the looking-glass tree, probably because the leaves are silver-coated.

Mangroves need to keep their trunk and leave above the surface of the water. Yet they also need to be firmly attached to the ground so they are not moved by waves.
Any part of root that appears above the water flows oxygen to the plant under water surface. as the soil begin to build up, these roots procedure additional roots that become embedded in the soil.

Procedure Text

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, Procedure text adalah teks tata cara.

Procedure text is a text to describe how to make or doing something ( Procedure text adalah sebuah teks untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana membuat atau melakukan sesuatu )

A. Generic Structure Analysis ( Analisa Struktur Umum )
^ Goal : informing on how to make or doing something ( Tujuan : Menginformasikan bagaimana membuat atau melakukan sesuatu )
^ Material : Something that is needed to make or doing something ( Bahan : Sesuatu yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat atau melakukan sesuatu )
^ Steps/ method : showing the method how to make or doing something ( Langkah - Langkah : Menunjukkan langkah - langkah bagaimana membuat atau melakukan sesuatu )

B. Language Feature Analysis ( Analisa Ciri Bahasa )
^ Imperative sentences : write like you talked, re-read what you have done, etc ( Kalimat Perintah : write like you talked, re-read what you have done dan lain - lain )
^ Action verb : write, read, etc ( Kata Kerja Tingkah Laku : write, read dan lain - lain )
^ Temporal conjunction : firstly, secondly, etc ( Konjungsi Sementara : firstly, secondly dan lain - lain )

Example

Writing For Business

Writing something for your business can be pretty intimidating. Well, you don't have to.
Here's a simple checklist to follow. I'm not saying that following these rules will make your company the next Google, but it will help.

Firstly, take the topic of benefits, not features. Your customers don't care about you. They want to know "What's in it for me?"

Secondly, write your benefit like you talk it. Use regular words. Read aloud what you've written. How does it sound?

Thirdly, lose the weak words. Don't describe how your company may, might or should help customers but talk about how your company will.

Fourthly, Use a nice rhythm. Some sentences are long and some are short. Mix them up and keep things interesting.

Fifthly, re-read what you've done before publishing. Edit it necesarily. It's so easy to make mistakes which you don't notice the first time through.